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二、閱讀理解(11-30)

In 1939 two brothers, Mac and Dick McDonald, started a drive-in restaurant in San Bernadino, California. They carefully chose a busy corner for their location. They had run their own businesses for years, first a theater, then a barbecue restaurant, then another drive-in. But in their new operation, they offered a new, shortened menu: French fries, hamburgers, and sodas. To this minimal selection they added one new concept: quick service, no waiters or waitresses, and no tips.

Their hamburgers sold for fifteen cents. Cheese was another four cents. Their French fries and hamburgers had a remarkable uniformity, for the brothers had developed a strict routine for the preparation of their food, and they insisted on their cook's sticking to their routine. Their new drive-in became incredibly popular, particularly for lunch. People drove up by the hundreds during the busy noontime. The self-service restaurant was so popular that the brothers had allowed ten copies of their restaurant to be opened. They were content with this modest success until they met Ray Kroc.

Kroc was a salesman who met the McDonald brothers in 1954，when he was selling milk shake-mixing machines. He quickly saw the unique appeal of the brother's fast food restaurants and bought the right to franchise other copies of their restaurants. The agreement struck included the right to duplicate the menu, the equipment, even their red and white buildings with the golden arches.

Today McDonald's is literally a household name. Its names for its sandwiches have come to mean hamburger in the decades since the day Ray Kroc watched people rush up to order fifteen-cent hamburgers. In 1976, Mcdonald's had over $1 billion in total sales. Its first twenty-two years is one of the most incredible success stories in modern American business history.

11.This passage is mainly about ________.

A. the business careers of Mac and Dick McDonald.

B. how McDonald's became a billion-dollar business.

C. Ray Kroc's business abilities.

D. the development of fast-food services.

答案：B

解析：答案B。本篇按時(shí)間順序;以細(xì)節(jié)敘述的方式逐段告訴我們麥當(dāng)勞餐廳是如何取得成功的。、二段講述McDonald兄弟在加利福尼亞州新開(kāi)餐廳的特色以及這些新的特色給他們帶來(lái)的成功。第三段講他們通過(guò)開(kāi)連鎖店在生意上所取得的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展。通過(guò)前幾段的鋪墊，后一段達(dá)到高潮，點(diǎn)明McDonald兄弟的經(jīng)營(yíng)史是現(xiàn)代美國(guó)商業(yè)史上令人難以至信的成功故事。在1976年，他們的總銷(xiāo)售額達(dá)十億多美元。以整篇的結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)看，比較容易得出答案：這是一篇講述McDonald兄弟如何取得經(jīng)營(yíng)上成功的故事。所以，正確答案是B項(xiàng)。答案A雖然與本篇內(nèi)容也有關(guān)，但顯然不如答案B項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容確切，所以不能選A項(xiàng)。答案C項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)都只是本篇的某些細(xì)節(jié)，而非主要內(nèi)容，所以也不是正確答案。只有B項(xiàng)為貼切地表達(dá)出本篇的內(nèi)容，所以應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。

12. Mac and Dick McDonald had experience in managing all of the following businesses except ________.

A. a barbecue restaurant

B. a drive-in

C. an ice-cream parlor

D. a theater

答案：C

解析：答案C。段第三句寫(xiě)道："They had run their own businesses for years, first a theatre, then a barbecue restaurant, then another drive-in."惟獨(dú)沒(méi)提到ice-cream parlor，所以正確答案是C項(xiàng)。

13. We can conclude from this passage that ________.

A. Mac and Dick McDonald never became wealthy because they sold their idea to Kroc

B. Ray Kroc was a good businessman

C. the location the McDonalds chose was the only source of the great popularity of their drive-in

D. forty years ago there were numerous fast-food restaurants

答案：B

解析：答案B。從第三段我們可知，Kroc是一個(gè)精明的生意人。他很快就看出了McDonald快餐廳的獨(dú)特魅力，于是不再做推銷(xiāo)機(jī)器的推銷(xiāo)員，而轉(zhuǎn)而買(mǎi)下了開(kāi)辦McDonald連鎖店的經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)。由此可得出結(jié)論：他是一個(gè)精明的生意人。所以，正確答案是B項(xiàng)。

14.As used in this passage, the word "minimal" means _______.

A. attractive

B. menial

C. basic

D. novel

答案：C

解析：答案C。段后一句話說(shuō)，除了這個(gè)基本菜單外，他們還加進(jìn)了一個(gè)新概念，那就是：快服務(wù)，無(wú)侍者、無(wú)小費(fèi)。Minimal的原義是：小限度的，小量的。在這個(gè)語(yǔ)境中，它的意思就是basic.所以，正確答案是C項(xiàng)。

15.As used this passage, the word unique" means ________.

A. aesthetic

B. financial

C. ethnic

D. unparalleled

答案：D

解析：答案D。第三段第二行寫(xiě)道：Kroc很快看出了兄弟倆快餐廳的獨(dú)特魅力(unique appeal)。unique的意思是：絕無(wú)僅有，獨(dú)一無(wú)二。所以正確答案是unparalleled，意即“無(wú)比的，無(wú)雙的，沒(méi)人能與之相匹的”。

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