The environment affects the way people interact. To examine this conclusion, two researchers "decorated" three rooms. One room was refurnished to look ugly. The second room was intended to look average. The third room was designed to be beautiful. Individuals were then asked to sit in one of the three rooms and rate several pictures of people's faces. The results indicated that the environment has a significant effect on the way people rated the faces. Subjects in the beautiful room gave the pictures higher rates than did subjects in the ugly room. In addition, subjects in the ugly room found the task more unpleasant and boring than did subjects in the beautiful room. Subjects assigned to the ugly room attempted to leave sooner than did subjects assigned to the beautiful room. Color is one environmental factor that can affect your mood and even your ability to concentrate. One researcher concluded that the most pleasant colors, listed in order of preference, were blue, green, purple, red and yellow. The colors listed from most to least arousing were red, orange, yellow, violet, blue and green.
Lighting also affects behavior. Elegant restaurants with dim lighting create a mood of intimacy (親密) that encourages conversation. The bright lights of an office or a classroom, on the other hand, arouse and stimulate thinking.
Room decoration, color, lighting, and even music and temperature all influence communication with others; but there is no all-purpose environment. The ideal environment depends on the task that will be performed as well as on the needs and expectations of those present. The same environmental factors that encourage lively conversation and dancing at a New Year's Eve party cannot be expected to create a serene climate in which to study for final exams.
第44題單選 Paragraph 1 shows that subjects in the ugly room tend to be __.
A. less patient
B. less considerate
C. more enthusiastic
D. more confident
參考答案：A
參考解析：這是有關(guān)環(huán)境對人類心理影響的科學(xué)實驗。第一段的后半截，被請到三個經(jīng)過布置的房間里的受試者感覺非常不愉快，并且急于離開房間。
第45題單選 Which color is the most helpful for keeping a good mood?
A. Gree
B. Blu
C. Orang
D. Re
參考答案：B
參考解析：第二段。顏色會影響人們的注意力。從能使人愉悅因而保持注意力的角度，色彩從強(qiáng)到弱排列，第一位的就是藍(lán)色。選項B是正確的。后面又說，最能令人振奮的顏色是紅色，所以選項D是錯的。
第46題單選 What effect can dim lights of an eating environment bring about?
A. Arousing active thinkin
B. Improving work efficienc
C. Creating a tense atmospher
D. Stimulating talks among peopl
參考答案：D
參考解析：第三段。燈光會影響人們的情緒。比較暗的燈光會增加人與人之間的親密感。這也是為什么餐廳會采用比較暗的燈光。選項D是正確的。然而，要提高思考的效果還是明亮的燈光。選項A是錯的。
第47題單選 The underlined word "serene" in the last sentence is closed in meaning to __
A. serious and grave
B. calm and peaceful
C. pleasant and friendly
D. cold and indifferent
參考答案：B
參考解析：第四段。總結(jié)。根據(jù)不同的目的設(shè)計不同的環(huán)境。為新年晚會設(shè)計的場所肯定不適合期末考試的復(fù)習(xí)?？梢韵胂?，期末考試需要的是能夠讓人安靜、平和的場所。
There is nothing more possible than a new hip or knee that can put the spring back in your step. Patients receiving joint implants (移植) often are able to resume many of the physical activities they love, even those as vigorous as tennis and hiking. No wonder, then, that joint replacement is growing in popularity.
In the United States in 2007, surgeons performed about 806,000 hip and knee implants (the joints most commonly replaced), double the number of performed a decade earlier. Though these procedures have become routine, they are not failure free.
"Implants must sometimes be replaced," said Dr. Henrik Malchau, an orthopedic surgeon (矯正外科醫(yī)生) at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston. A study published in 2007 found that 7 percent of hips implanted in Medicare patients had to be replaced within seven and a half years.
"The percentage may sound low, but the finding suggests that thousands of hip patients eventually require a second operation," said Dr. Malchau. Those patients must endure additional recoveries, often painful, and increased medical expenses.
The failure rate should be lower, many experts agree. Sweden, for instance, has a failure rate estimated to be a third of that in the United States. Sweden also has a national joint replacement registry, a database of information from which surgeons can learn how and why certain procedures go wrong. A registry also helps surgeons learn quickly whether a specific type of implant is particularly problematic. "Even country that has developed a registry has been able to reduce failure rates significantly," said Dr. Daniel Berry, chief of orthopedic surgery at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minn.
A newly formed American Joint Replacement Registry will begin gathering data from hospitals in the next 12 to 18 months. It's good news for those who are considering replacing a knee or hip.
第48題單選 What is the problem with hip or knee replacement in the U.S.?
A. A lot of patients need a second operatio
B. Doctors are not well trained to ensure successful operatio
C. Demands for hip replacement exceed the number of surgeon
D. Replacement operation is becoming too expensive in hospital
參考答案：A
參考解析：這是有關(guān)美國醫(yī)學(xué)膝蓋和髖骨移植的問題。第四段。數(shù)以千計的髖骨移植病人需 要做第二次手術(shù)，這增加了病人的痛苦和費用。選項A是正確的。選項B和C文中沒有提及。選項D是錯的，文中并未說手術(shù)本身漲價，而是說二次手術(shù)使病人多付一次手術(shù)的費用。
第49題單選 Why does Sweden have a lower rate of hip implant failure?
A. Because Sweden has more advanced technolog
B. Because Sweden has a patient data collecting syste
C. Because Sweden has a much larger number of patient
D. Because Swedish doctors are more responsible and skillfu
參考答案：B
第50題單選 People who need a new knee or hip would possibly feel __ about data gathering in the U.S.
A. indifferent
B. assured
C. puzzled
D. hopeful
參考答案：C
參考解析：第五、六段。第五段的后半截說，凡是建立了數(shù)據(jù)庫的國家都會降低手術(shù)的失敗率。第六段說，美國新近成立了一個“關(guān)節(jié)更替資料室”。選項C是正確的。選項A和D文中沒有提及。選項B，在12～18個月內(nèi)跟蹤每一例手術(shù)的目的是建立數(shù)據(jù)庫，并不能直接降低失敗率。因此，選項B是錯的。
第51題單選 People who need a new knee or hip would possibly feel __ about data gathering in the U.S.
A. indifferent
B. assured
C. puzzled
D. hopeful
參考答案：D
參考解析：最后一段。因為建立了數(shù)據(jù)庫，所以對正在考慮換膝蓋或髖骨的人來說是好消息，是有希望的。indifferent意為“漠不關(guān)心的”;assured意為“肯定的”;puzzled意為“困惑的”;hopeful意為“有希望的”。
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