2016年成人學(xué)位英語(yǔ)挑錯(cuò)題型指導(dǎo)：代名詞的錯(cuò)誤
"Everything on our menu is prepared fresh daily and they are delivered to you from our kitchen outlet along Jurong."
從信箱里的一張小食店廣告信息中發(fā)現(xiàn)上述句子中一個(gè)常見(jiàn)的語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤。你是否也觀察出來(lái)呢?
這錯(cuò)誤在第二等立分句的主語(yǔ)上：they.
大家知道，they 是句中的代名詞(pronoun)。在這里，它是代替等立分句中的主語(yǔ) everything.Everything 是個(gè)單數(shù)代名詞;they 是復(fù)數(shù)的，兩個(gè)怎么可以相通呢?
在語(yǔ)法上，代名詞在取代名詞或當(dāng)名詞的詞時(shí)，必須在人稱( person)、數(shù)目(number)、性別(gender)和格(case)這幾方面相稱才行。例如：
① The man plucked out a grey hair from his head.
② They need funds, but they are running out of them now.
③ Jason said that he did not like the woman.
④ A person must restrict himself to doing what is right and useful.
如果腦子里沒(méi)有這些語(yǔ)法概念，便會(huì)犯上誤用代名詞的錯(cuò)誤。本文上面所指的 they 便是的例子。
除了 everything 之外，anything，nothing，everyone，someone，no one，somebody，nobody，anybody，anyone和each 等代名詞也都是單數(shù)的。如果要用其他代名詞取代它們，也必須是單數(shù)的才可以，而且后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也要搭配。就此而論，文中的they是不對(duì)的，必須改為單數(shù)代名詞it;同時(shí)后頭的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也要變成單數(shù)的is.這樣一來(lái)，兩個(gè)等立分句就很相稱了。
同樣的道理，剛剛舉出的那些代名詞應(yīng)該這樣用：
⑤ Nothing is difficult if it is properly done.
⑥ Nobody here has objected to the new proposal.
⑦ Each was annoyed by her strange idea.
⑧ Somebody wants to see you.
⑨ No one really knows the answer.
除了單數(shù)代名詞，英文中也有復(fù)數(shù)代名詞"many，both，several，few"等;其用法和復(fù)數(shù)名詞一樣，跟著的也是復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞，如：
⑩ Many were absent yesterday.
11. Few are welcome here.
此外，有些代名詞，如"some，all，none，any"等，既可當(dāng)單數(shù)，也可當(dāng)復(fù)數(shù)，一切視上下文而定。例如：
12a. Please look at the old office equipment. Some is to be replaced.
b. Some of them have agreed to come.
13a. All is well that ends well.
b. There are twenty in the bus. All have arrived on time.
14a. None of the news was good.
b. None of her friends phone her now.
在英文詞類中，代名詞是簡(jiǎn)單容易的一種，但是也好像容易犯錯(cuò);希望大家不要掉以輕心，以免犯下同樣的錯(cuò)誤。
13. In less industrialised countries, the problems of urban development are not known "Though the standard of living is raised, the costs of living are also increasing."
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