2016年成人學位英語挑錯題型指導：間接引語的錯誤
在英語里，我們可以用兩種方法轉述人的話語。種是直接引語(The Direct Speech);第二種是間接引語(The Indirect Speech)，也可叫("The Reported Speech")。從直接引語轉變?yōu)殚g接引語是一種表達行式的改變，不影響原意。例如：
① a. He said, "I am working now."
b. He said that he was working then.
② a. She asked me, "Do you like to sing?"
b. She asked me if I liked to sing.
③ a. "Go out!" the man said to the boy.
b. The man ordered the boy to go out.
①b，②b，③b是間接引語，其形式和①a，②a，③a不同。
間接引語是種常見的句法，用得很多。正因為用得多，出錯的機會也多。下面便是些例子：
④ He said that he would come tomorrow.
這里的副詞"tomorrow"要變成"the next day"。理由是：間接引語里的時間副詞或短語， 一般上要把其中的時間向前推，如：tomorrow：the next day;today： that day;last night：the night before;now：then;ago：before that time等。
⑤ I asked what is wrong with him.
這里的"is"要變成"was"。須知：主句"I asked"和分句"what is wrong with him"的動詞時態(tài)必須配合。既然主句的動詞"asked"是過去時態(tài)，分句的動詞也要過去時態(tài)"was"。此外，動詞時態(tài)一般上也要推前，因此簡單過去時態(tài)(Simple Past Tense)要變成過去完成時態(tài)(Past Perfect Tense)，如：went ：had gone;left： had left.
⑥ John told her don't do that again.
這里的"don't do"要變成"not to do"才對。理由是：祈使句變成間接引語時的形式是不定式動詞："to + verb / not to + verb"，如：to come / not to come;to do / not to do.
⑦ She asked me where was I going.
這里的"was I"詞序不對， 要變成"I was"才是，因為間接疑問句(indirect question)里的詞序和敘述句一樣，是正常詞序，不是倒裝法，如：
⑧ He wanted to know who that girl was.
⑨ John asked Helen if she was free.
⑩ She asked me whether I could help her.
如果詞序是倒裝形式，就錯了：
...who was that girl.
...if was she free.
...whether could I help her.
關于間接疑問句，還有一點必須注意的是，直接疑問句里的疑問詞要照用， 如例⑧的"who"。如果沒有疑問詞，就要借重連接詞"if"或"whether"之助，如例⑨和⑩便是。
在結束本文之前，順便提一提怎樣把表示驚嘆或愿望的直接引語轉成間接引語。
11. He said, "Alas! I am undone."
12. "Bravo! You have done a good job, Mary," said the teacher.
13. "Good Heaven!" Tom cried, "I'll never lie again."
把11-13，轉變?yōu)?4-16時，可以用恰當的動詞把深層的意思反映出來，甚至加些原文沒有的字眼，也無所謂：
14. He exclaimed that he was undone.
15. The teacher praised Mary, saying that she had done a good job.
16. Tom called upon Heaven to witness his determination not to lie again.
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