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二、閱讀理解(11-30)

What is exactly a lie? Is it anything we say which we know is untrue? Or is it something more than that? For example, suppose a friend wants to borrow some money from you, you say: I wish I could help you but I'm short of money myself. In fact, you are not short of money, but your friend is in the habit of not paying his debts and you don't want to hurt his feelings by reminding him of this. Is this really a lie?

A scientific study of lying shows women are better liars than men, particularly when telling a "white lie" such as when a woman at a party tells another woman that she likes her dress when she really thinks it looks terrible. However, this is only one side of the story. Other researches show that men are more likely to tell more serious lies, such as making a promise which they have no intention of fulfilling. This is the kind of lie politicians and businessmen are supposed to be particularly skilled at: the lie from which the liar hopes to profit or gain in some way.

Research has also been done into the way people's behavior changes in a number of small, apparently unimportant ways when they lie. It has been found that if they are sitting down at the same time, they tend to move about in their chairs more than usual. To the trained observer they are saying I wish I were somewhere else now.

第11題. This passage tells us that _____.

A. telling lies is often necessary in order to avoid being defeated

B. telling lies is often bad because people ought not to be dishonest

C. telling lies is sometimes necessary in order not to hurt someone else's feelings

D. telling lies is not bad at all in most cases

答案：C

【解析】段作者舉的例子，可以得出C“有時為了不傷害其他人的感情說謊是必須的”正確。其它選項的信息在文中沒有明確出現(xiàn)。

第12題. In Paragraph 2, the sentence "Women are better liars than men do." probably means _____.

A. women are better at telling lies than men

B. women liars are better accepted than men

C. women have a better intention when telling lies

D. women tell fewer lies than men do

答案：C

【解析】從第二段作者舉例可知女人更愛說"white lie"，即善意的謊言，而男人更有可能說一些嚴(yán)重的謊話。所以C選項“女人說謊時有較好的意圖”符合原文。A選項說的太籠統(tǒng)，女人僅在說"white lie"時比男人擅長，而說"serious lie"則不及男人;B、D選項所給信息并未在文中出現(xiàn)。

第13題. A "white lie" means _____.

A. a lie that is completely unbelievable

B. a lie that is told with a good will

C. a lie that is always believable

D. a lie that often has an evil purpose

答案：B

【解析】"white lie"的意思是善意的謊言，從文中第二段女人說謊所舉的例子也可以推斷出B選項“帶有善意所說的謊”為正確答案。

第14題. Politicians and businessmen are supposed to be skilled at telling the kind of lies _____.

A. from which they may gain some advantages

B. that seems to be believable

C. that women are most likely to believe

D. with which they can have better relationship with others

答案：A

【解析】第二段后一句“政治家和商人尤其擅長說這種謊話，即可從這些謊言中賺錢或獲利?！倍鳤選項“他們或許可以從中贏得一些好處”與之相一致。

第15題. It can be concluded from the passage that _____.

A. there is a simple way of finding out if someone is lying

B. from some ways people behave we can know they are lying

C. certain emotions are proof of lying

D. in some situations women are most likely to think businessmen are dishonest

答案：B

【解析】第三段句“對人們行為舉止的研究表明：當(dāng)人們說謊時，會以大量不起眼的、表面上不重要的方式改變自己的舉止”為主題句，文章所得出的結(jié)論為B選項“從人們的一些行為舉止，我們能夠知道他們在說謊”，與主題句相一致。

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