2014年成人英語三級(jí)考試閱讀理解指導(dǎo)
怎樣回答閱讀理解中的細(xì)節(jié)性問題
關(guān)于細(xì)節(jié)性問題（Suppporting Details）細(xì)節(jié)性問題是關(guān)于Supporting Details類的問題，通過Skimming找出主題后，應(yīng)進(jìn)一步掌握闡述和發(fā)展主題的主要事實(shí)，或按要求找出特定細(xì)節(jié)。在回答此類問題時(shí)，應(yīng)采用查讀法（Scanning），因?yàn)檫@些具體內(nèi)容Detai1s是用來說明、論證或分析文章中心的。這類題目常以“WH-”形式來提問，如who，what，when，where，why及how等形式。這些問題的表達(dá)常不采用文章中的原話提問，而是使用同義詞語等，因此，在選擇答案前應(yīng)首先看準(zhǔn)題于，看清問題所問究竟；然后，在查讀時(shí)注意尋找與題目相關(guān)的關(guān)鍵詞語；后，在充分理解原文、原題的基礎(chǔ)上確定正確答案。
當(dāng)然，這類細(xì)節(jié)性問題所涉及的面是很廣的。有的涉及數(shù)字計(jì)算，如問時(shí)間、距離、次數(shù)、數(shù)量等，認(rèn)真計(jì)算后方可選定正確答案；有的涉及正誤判斷，要先看選項(xiàng)，根據(jù)選項(xiàng)提供的線索，尋視文中相應(yīng)部分，后在題中選出肯定答案；還有的尋問事實(shí)、原因、結(jié)果、目的等?？傊?，做細(xì)節(jié)題切忌通過自己對(duì)某類知識(shí)的主觀了解和認(rèn)識(shí)做出想像判斷，一定要緊扣文章內(nèi)容，不可隨心所欲。
細(xì)節(jié)類問題的命題方式有以下幾種：
（1）Which of the following is NOT true according to the information in the passage？
（2）Which of the following is mentioned in the passage？
（3）What is the example of...as described in the passage？
（4）The author mentions all of the following except...
（5）The reason for...is...
（6）The author states that...
（7）According to the passage，when（where，why，how，who，etc）…
Example：
Just seven years ago，the Jarvik-7 artificial heart was being cheered as the model of human creativeness.The sight of Barney Clark-alive and conscious after trading his diseased heart for met-al-and-plastic pump-convinced the press，the public and many doctors that the future had arrived. It hadn’t.After monitoring production of the Jarvik-7，and reviewing its effects on the 150 or so patients（most of whom got the device as a temporary measure）the U.S.Food and Drug Administration concluded that the machine was doing more to endanger lives than to save them. Last week the agency cancelled its earlier approval，effectively banning（禁止）the device.
The recall may hurt Symbion Inc，maker of the Jarvik-7，but it won’t end the request for an artificial heart.One problem with the banned model is that the tubes connecting it to an external power source created a passage infection.Inventors are now working on new devices that would be fully placed，along with a tiny power pack，in the patient's chest.The first sample products aren't expected for another 10 or 20 years. But some people are already worrying that they'll work-and that America’s overextended healthcare programs Will lose a precious $ 2.5 billion to $ 5 billion a year providing them for a relatively few dying patients.If such expenditures（開支）cut into funding for more basic care，the net effect could actually be a decline in the nation’s health.According to the passage the Jarvik-7 artificial heart proved to be________.
A）a technical failure
B）a technical wonder
C）a good life-saver
D）an effective means to treat heart disease
本題是考核學(xué)生根據(jù)止下文全面理解和進(jìn)行正確判斷的能力，問的是本文論述的Jarvik-7人造心臟性能和效果到底如何。文章一開頭說Jarvik-7是一大技術(shù)成就，但文章說到：…the U.S.Food and Drug Administration concluded that the machine was doing more to endanger lives than to save them（Line-7-9）。后面又提到：Last week the agency canceled its earlier approval，effectively banning the device.這兩句話提供了這個(gè)問題的答案。因此，答案：
The new models of artificial hearts are expected_______.
A）to have a working life of 10 or 20 years
B）to be set fully in the patient's chest
C）to be equipped with an external power source
D）to create a new passage for infection
本題是考核正確理解事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)的能力。選項(xiàng)已的意思與文章中第二段第三句，即“Inventors are now working…in the patient's chest.”的意思符合，因此選項(xiàng)B是答案。
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